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The drug of choice in Malaysia is opiate-based drugs (heroine and morphine) and marijuana. In the past decade, annually more than 35,000 drug addicts are identified in the country which has reduced significantly, and in 2008--to about 25, 000 cases. From 1988 – 2008, there are 285,762 addicts that are registered with National Anti-Drugs Information System (NADI). The advent of synthetic drugs (ATS) is a present challenge to Malaysia.

Nepal has a total population of 30,138,172 (mid 2009).1 Prostitution is illegal in the country, though, according to the government’s data, there are around 60,000 commercial sex workers in the country. It is estimated that 24,000 to 34,000 of these are female sex workers (FSWs), 20% are commercially sexually exploited children (around 10,000‐12,000) and the rest are male sex workers (MSWs) (around 12,000‐14,000). The economic condition of Nepal drives many girls (some as young as nine years old) to be commercially sexually exploited. Poverty, in general, is the most commonly identified “push factor” instigating trafficking. In the direct sense, the lack of economic alternatives faced by women makes young girls particularly vulnerable to trafficking. Girls in Nepal are more susceptible to poverty and have limited access to education. The result is that women often lack economic alternatives and/or a proper understanding of the risks involved in trafficking.

This report has been prepared by the Western Pacific Regional Office of the WHO to describe the "compulsory treatment centres" in Cambodia, China, Malaysia and Viet Nam, and assess the treatment they provide. The main objective of this report is to use some key human rights principles as a lens through which to assess and document the situation in the compulsory drug treatment centres in a constructive way, as a basis for engaging in dialogue with policy-makers in these countries. The assessment suggests that these centres lack effective drug treatment services. There is also a lack of prevention or care services for HIV in closed settings, where the spread of the disease is much faster than in the community. People who use drugs in the region are at risk in these settings because they do not receive drug treatment and HIV prevention services.

Migration within Sri Lanka and to other countries for employment is an economic necessity for many households in Sri Lanka. The main destinations for Sri Lankan migrant workers are the Gulf region (mainly Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Lebanon, the United Arab Emirates and Qatar)  ‐  which hires 90% of the Sri Lanka migrant work force  ‐  and other countries in the Asia Pacific. Sri Lankan migrant workers have been going to these regions for employment for the past 20 years. Over half of all migrant workers are female, 91% of whom were employed as domestic workers. However, in recent years, there has been a growing trend towards supplying semi‐skilled labour to the Gulf region due to its improved educational attainment and construction boom.

This training manual has been written as a companion to the WHO Clinical Guidelines for Withdrawal Management & Treatment of Drug Dependence in Closed Settings. It contains comprehensive trainer's notes and participant handouts. A powerpoint slideshow is also provided as a teaching aid. The training described in this manual is suitable for all people who work in a health or welfare capacity in closed settings and whose work involves people who use drugs.  Throughout the trainer's notes are sections of boxed text containing references to participant handouts. These should be used to ensure participants are looking at the correct handouts. Also in boxed text are suggested activities. The trainer may wish to use these, or to use other activities that they have found useful in training.

A Computerised Management Information System (CMIS) for monitoring the implementation of the National AIDS Control Programme in India was initiated in 2001. The CMIS has been designed to provide continuous critical information on the response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in India. The CMIS enables National AIDS Control Organisation, State AIDS Control Societies and district units to use programmatic information for evidence based planning, for identifying appropriate strategies and for developing district and state level capacities for collection, analysis, interpretation of data and relevant remedial actions.

The reported number of PLHIV in 2008 was again a record high at 1,126 cases. The number of newly reported PLHIV cases over the past five years represents 45.2% of the total. 1,033 cases were Japanese nationals and 93 cases were foreign nationals. In terms of exposure routes for the reported PLHIV cases in 2008, 779 cases (69.2%) were caused by homosexual sexual contact and 220 cases (19.5%) by heterosexual sexual contact, making a total of 999 cases (88.7%) by sexual contact. Age ranges centered on the 20-39 group (70.3%), with both Japanese and foreign nationals seeing most reports in the 25-34 age range for males and the 20-24 age range for females.

This paper will explore that proposition and discuss the future of the Thai epidemic by presenting revised HIV projections that incorporate new data on changes in sexual behaviors among heterosexual men and women in Thailand collected from The National Sexual Behavior Survey of Thailand 2006 (NSBS 2006). This new projection will also take into account expected changes in risk behaviors in both commercial and casual sex from 2007 until 2020. This revised scenario will then be compared to the current national HIV projection to illustrate the impact that heterosexual behavior changes are likely to have on the epidemic.

The document shows number of new HIV infection, AIDS cases and AIDS death in Malaysia from 1986-2009.

Migration dynamics have evolved rapidly in Thailand over the past few decades, with Thailand moving from a labor‐exporting country to a labor‐importing country. In 1995, Thailand sent more than 200,000 migrant workers overseas. By 2004, this number had decreased to 150,000 – 18% of whom were women. Primary destination countries were Taiwan, Singapore, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Brunei, and Hong Kong. Thailand receives USD 5 billion in remittances a year.