Tools and Guidelines

Displaying results 391 - 400 of 408

Resource | Tools
Logistics Management Unit is responsible for the management of supplies needed for HIV/AIDS and STD care and treatment in Cambodia. It has established Terms of Reference for its role and responsibilities and Standard Operating Procedures for all its activities. The Standard Operating Procedures provide a clear outline of the timeframe in which reports/requests must be processed.
 
 
Resource | Tools
Condoms play a special role in combating the spread of HIV/AIDS because they are presently the only devices that protect against sexually transmitted HIV. However, high costs to users, limited availability and accessibility, and negative perceptions of condoms have created a gap between the number of condoms distributed and the amount needed for populations to protect themselves from HIV/STIs. Improved condom programming can help close the gap in condom supply and use, and reduce the spread of HIV. The goal of condom programming is to ensure that sexually active persons at risk of HIV/STIs are motivated to use condoms, have easy access to quality condoms, and can use them consistently and correctly. It addresses the supply of and demand for condoms as well as the political, sociocultural, and economic environment.  This manual outlines a seven-step process to improve the effectiveness of existing condom programmes or to create a new condom programme. It is designed to give managers practical and specific advice on condom programming.
 
 
Resource | Guidelines
The magnitude of the HIV/AIDS epidemic has exceeded all expectations since the virus was first identified 20 years ago. Today, an estimated 42 million people are infected with HIV, and more than 20 million have already died. The epidemic has hit hardest in Sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS deaths in this region account for over three quarters of the global death toll. Because of its large population, Asia is the home to the largest number of people living with HIV/AIDS of any region beside Sub-Saharan Africa. In Thailand, Cambodia and Myanmar adult prevalence rates range from 1.8% to 3%. It is expected that HIV may soon spread in the world's most populous countries, India and China.
 
 
Resource | Guidelines
This guide aims to support national AIDS programme managers in monitoring and evaluating public and private care and support programmes for HIV/AIDS. As more governments move towards increasing access to prophylactic and long-term treatment and care, such a guide will contribute to a global process of assessing whether care and support programmes are developed and implemented well.
 
 
Resource | Guidelines
This guide provides information for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-affected households and communities on how nutrition can help HIV-positive people live healthier lives throughout the progression of HIV disease. Malnutrition is a common complication of HIV infection and plays a significant and independent role in its morbidity and mortality. Malnutrition was one of the earliest complications of AIDS to be recognized and has been used to clinically diagnose AIDS. The purpose of this guide is to assist program managers and health workers make recommendations on food management and nutritional issues for households with members who are HIV-infected or living with AIDS.
 
 
Resource | Tools
Despite the stabilization of HIV prevalence in Cambodia over recent years there has been a dramatic increase in the number of people living with HIV/AIDS who are ill and in need of health care. This reflects the progression of HIV disease in those infected in the past, particularly the large numbers of people infected during the mid-1990s. It is estimated that the peak incidence of illness and death from HIV/AIDS in Cambodia will occur over the next few years. Each year approximately 20 000 people will develop AIDS and die unless expanded interventions are available. This document is designed as a component in the response that is necessary to address the pressing care needs of person/people living with HIV/AIDS (PHA) in Cambodia. It is written primarily for health care workers who are involved in the care of adults and adolescents (>12 years of age) living with HIV/AIDS. It aims to provide a clear explanation of the basics of ARV therapy. It should be used as an introduction and a reference and should not substitute for comprehensive training in the use of ARV. Similarly it does not seek to address the complex operational requirements of comprehensive HIV care in general, nor of ARV provision in particular.
 
 
Resource | Guidelines
The guidelines described herein were developed from discussions at several technical consultations and documents on complementary feeding (WHO/UNICEF, 1998; WHO/UNICEF Technical Consultation on Infant and Young Child Feeding, 2000; WHO Global Consultation on Complementary Feeding, 2001; Academy for Educational Development, 1997; Dewey and Brown, 2002). The target group for these guidelines is breastfed children during the first two years of life. This document does not cover specific feeding recommendations for non-breastfed children, although many of the guidelines are also appropriate for such children (except for the recommendations regarding meal frequency and nutrient content of complementary foods).
 
 
Resource | Tools
The HIV epidemic continues to spread at an alarming rate, with over 14,000 new infections per day. While the epidemic is now spreading rapidly in some parts of Asia and Latin America and Caribbean, sub-Saharan Africa continues to bear the greatest burden of disease. HIV prevalence exceeds 30 percent among sexually active adults in some African cities, and AIDS is the leading cause of death in major cities within sub-Saharan Africa.
 
 
Resource | Tools
Now that there are cheap and effective interventions to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT), programs are rapidly being planned and introduced to make these activities more widely available in developing countries. Implementing these programs requires understanding the quality and scope of existing MCH and maternity care services, as well as effective, continual monitoring and evaluation. The present assessments tools are designed to respond to this need.
 
 
Resource | Guidelines
This guide provides specific information for improving and scaling-up prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programs, based on what program managers and evaluators identify as successful strategies. The guide is intended for use by national-level PMTCT teams for starting or scaling up PMTCT programs. With appropriate adaptation, national officials can disseminate the guide to district level authorities, site managers, and health workers. The recommendations in this guide draw on this body of knowledge, including primarily from an IATT-commissioned evaluation of the eleven pilot projects, carried out by the Population Council between March and December 2002 in close consultation with UNICEF and other Inter-Agency Task Team (IATT) members. Sources include progress reports from the country pilots, interviews, rapid assessments in Rwanda and Zambia and discussions at a collaborative analysis meeting held in December 2002.