Publications

This 2019 edition of The State of the World’s Children (SOWC) examines the issue of children, food and nutrition, providing a fresh perspective on a rapidly evolving challenge. Despite progress in the past two decades, one third of children under age 5 are malnourished – stunted, wasted or overweight – while two thirds are at risk of malnutrition and hidden hunger because of the poor quality of their diets. At the center of this challenge is a broken food system that fails to provide children with the diets they need to grow healthy. This report also provides new data and analyses of malnutrition in the 21st century and outlines recommendations to put children’s rights at the heart of food systems.

By working with communities, uniformed services, governments and regional and international partners, UNAIDS supports the 2,57 million people living with HIV affected by humanitarian disasters globally to ensure that they have access to programmes preventing and addressing gender-based violence, and the HIV services they need.

The cities of 2030, 2050 and 2100 will be very different from today. They will be cities transformed in their demographic composition, in their implementation of technology and in their wider ecological contexts. The challenges of building cities sustainable enough to meet the chang ing needs of the future will require new ways of thinking and working, as well as new kinds of multi-stakeholder initiatives and partnerships. The Future of Asian and Pacific Cities report 2019 makes the case for four priorities and four approaches to realize a sustainable urban future in Asia and the Pacific. A sustainable future occurs when urban and territorial planning lays a foundation; resilience guards against future risk; smart cities deploy the best technology for the job; and financing tools help pay for it all. Getting these essentials right in Asian and Pacific cities today is vital in order to adapt to the demands of tomorrow and to deliver on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the New Urban Agenda.

Studies, research and assessment for knowledge generation and evidence-based advocacy have been one of the strengths of the project. It has produced the regional manual for capacity development of young key populations, regional guidance note for CCM, principle recipients to effectively integrate the issues of young key populations in implementation and documentation of the best practice on engagement. Global Fund has recently accomplished its replenishment target of 12.9 b USD and countries have begun to prepare for the concept note development, which is now termed as Funding Request.

This study generated several key findings. Based on the success of YKP's programme conducted in Bandung, Inti Muda* and Lolipop partners successfully proposed four activities for YKPs under the Global Fund grant. Those activities are peer educator training, IEC media workshop, training youth-friendly services for services provider, and quarterly coordination meeting implemented in Denpasar, Surabaya, and West Jakarta.

Viet Nam is facing a rapidly growing HIV epidemic that is beginning to extend beyond initial concentrations in networks of injecting drug users and sex workers. The number of people living with HIV doubled between 2000 and 2005, from approximately 122,000 to 263,000. The adult HIV prevalence is estimated to be 0.5% at the national level in 2005 but exceeded 1% in several provinces. There were an estimated 37,000 new infections in 2005. Due to increased heterosexual transmission, the number of infected females compared with males is increasing each year. In 2005, the ratio was estimated to be 2 to 1, males to females. The number of AIDS-related deaths is growing and is estimated to have increased from 9000 in 2003 to 14,000 in 2005.

TB remains one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. Millions of people continue to fall sick from TB each year. The Global TB Report 2019 provides a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the TB epidemic, and progress in the response, at global, regional and country levels. It features data on disease trends and the response to the epidemic in 202 countries and territories. The Global Report includes trends in TB incidence and mortality, data on case detection and treatment results for TB, multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), TB/HIV, TB prevention, universal health coverage as well as financing. It presents progress towards targets set at the first-ever United Nations General Assembly high-level meeting on TB in 2018, that brought together heads of state, as well as the targets of the WHO End TB Strategy and the Sustainable Development Goals. The report also includes an overview of pipelines for new TB diagnostics, drugs and vaccines. Additionally, it outlines a monitoring framework that features data on SDG indicators that can be used to identify key influences on the TB epidemic at national level and inform the multi-sectoral actions required to end the TB epidemic.

The first case of HIV infection in Papua New Guinea was detected in 1987. By June 2005, 12,341 people had been reported to be living with HIV/AIDS. The country is facing a generalized epidemic with rapidly increasing prevalence in a difficult socioeconomic context. A national epidemiological consensus meeting in November 2004 estimated an average prevalence rate of 1.7%, and between 25,000 and 69,000 people with 15-49 years were living with HIV/AIDS. Prevalence rates among women attending antenatal care services are estimated to vary between 1% and 4%. Available data suggests that the epidemic is predominantly transmitted through heterosexual contact (84%), fuelled by high-risk behaviour including widespread commercial and casual sex. Approximately 93.1% of current reported cases are adults.

Under Universal Health Coverage, all people should have access to quality health services that meet their needs without incurring financial hardship. Rapid economic development in the Western Pacific Region has been accompanied by a decrease in external funding for prevention and control programmes for HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), requiring transition to domestic funding for health. This document introduces approaches to health financing, summarises key user fee and service coverage indicators.

Sixteen women living with HIV and 36 women with syphilis delivered during 2018. All pregnant women with HIV received treatment following national protocols, and the new-borns remain free of infection. Among pregnant women with syphilis, 97% received treatment and annual rate of congenital syphilis was 1.5 per 100 000 live births. Process indicators have improved with 97.5% in 2017 and 96.4% in 2018 for coverage of ANC attendance. These figures have been achieved through the government services. The screening coverage of pregnant women for HIV was 95.2% in 2017 and 95.9% in 2018 and for syphilis was 96.9% in 2017 and 99.3% in 2018.