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By October 31, 2005, the cumulative number of HIV cases reported nationwide was 102,391 cases, of which as many as 16,917 cases were AIDS patients, and 9,862 death cases caused by AIDS. During the first 10 months of 2005 alone, as many as 12,011 HIV newly infected cases were reported nationwide, of which 2,489 AIDS patients and 1,464 deaths were reported.

This report is based on a consultation organized by the department of Gender, Women and Health (GWH) of the World Health Organization (WHO), in collaboration with the Department of HIV/AIDS (HIV), WHO in Geneva from January 16–18, 2006. The meeting was supported with funds from the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) and the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA).

The 2005 Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) Prevalence Survey is the third of its kind in Cambodia. The objectives of this survey were:

• to estimate the prevalence of gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, and related risk behaviors among three sentinel groups;
• to estimate HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM); and
• to provide data for planning and management of sexually transmitted infection (STI) control and prevention programs.

Th is cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1,079 brothel-based female sex workers (FSWs), 623 police, and 548 MSM.

Integrated Behavioral and Biological Surveillance (IBBS) uses special tools and methodologies for collecting complex behaviors of high-risk groups of HIV/AIDS. National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) along with HIV/AIDS Surveillance Project (HASP) conducted a pilot survey in Karachi and Rawalpindi to test various tools for IBBS and to determine status and variations of behaviors (unsafe sex and injecting drugs) followed by programmatic recommendations for addressing the current HIV epidemic in Pakistan.

In 2005, a rapid geographically specific mapping study was conducted in eight cities of Pakistan to estimate the size, location and operation typologies of four key sub-populations: female sex workers (FSWs), male sex workers (MSWs) Hijra or transgender sex workers (HSWs) and injecting drug users (IDUs). The eight selected cities were Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad, Multan, Hyderabad, Sukkur, Peshawar, and Quetta.

HIV transmission among drug users is associated with injecting drug use that involves the sharing of needles or syringes. Risky sexual behavior associated with drug use also contributes to the spread of HIV. Injecting drug users function as a “bridging population” for HIV transmission between a core HIV risk group, other high-risk groups, and the general population. The main objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence rate of HIV among injecting drug users (IDUs) and assess their risky behavior. The study was conducted in among IDUs in the sub-metropolitan city and municipalities, and the highway areas of Jhapa, Sunsari, and Morang districts of the Eastern Terai.

HIV transmission among drug users is associated with injecting drug use that involves the sharing of needles or syringes. Risky sexual behavior associated with drug use also contributes to the spread of HIV. Injecting drug users function as a “bridging population” for HIV transmission between a core HIV risk group, other high-risk groups, and the general population. The main objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence rate of HIV among injecting drug users (IDUs) and assess their risky behavior. The study was conducted in the Pokhara Valley. Three hundred male IDUs were sampled using the respondent-driven sampling (RDS) methodology.

HIV transmission among drug users is associated with injecting drug use that involves the sharing of needles or syringes. Risky sexual behavior associated with drug use also contributes to the spread of HIV. Injecting drug users function as a “bridging population” for HIV transmission between a core HIV risk group, other high-risk groups, and the general population. The main objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence rate of HIV among injecting drug users (IDUs) and assess their risky behavior. The study was conducted in the Kathmandu Valley. Three hundred male IDUs were sampled using the respondent driven sampling (RDS) methodology.

HIV transmission among drug users is associated with injecting drug use that involves the sharing of needles or syringes. Risky sexual behavior associated with drug use also contributes to the spread of HIV. Injecting drug users function as a “bridging population” for HIV transmission between a core HIV risk group, other high-risk groups, and the general population. The main objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence rate of HIV among injecting drug users (IDUs) and assess their risky behavior. The study was conducted among IDUs in the municipalities and highway areas of Rupandehi, Banke, Kailali, and Kanchanpur districts of the Western to Far Western Terai. Three hundred male IDUs were sampled using the respondent driven sampling (RDS) methodology.

The overall objective of the study is to determine the levels of HIV and STI prevalence and risk behavior among men who have sex with men (MSM) subpopulation in Kathmandu and their behavioral links with the general population or other groups with high-risk behaviors. The study will be useful to those, including FHI, seeking to design, monitor and evaluate the impact of their interventions and to advocate effective prevention and care interventions in MSM subpopulation.