Antiretroviral drugs and therapy (ART)

WHO’s sentinel surveys of acquired HIV resistance to dolutegravir among people receiving dolutegravir-containing antiretroviral therapy is intended for easy and frequent implementation. Results from sentinel surveys provide insight into the prevalence and year-over-year trends of dolutegravir resistance in adults, children and adolescents receiving dolutegravir-based ART.

This sentinel method is implemented complementary to WHO-recommended methods for estimating nationally representative levels of acquired HIV drug resistance. 

By the end of 2020, over 25 million people were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in low- and middle-income countries. This report aims to provide countries and suppliers with estimates of the global market for antiretroviral (ARV) medicines in low- and middle-income countries for 2021–2025. The report includes estimates of the global demand for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and ARV formulations for adults receiving first-line treatment to enable suppliers to plan adjustments to their manufacturing capacity and processes.

This report aims to provide countries and suppliers with estimates of the global market for antiretroviral (ARV) medicines in low- and middle-income countries for 2020-2024. It includes estimates of the global demand for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and ARVs for adults receiving first-line ART to enable suppliers to plan and manage their manufacturing capacities accordingly.

These consolidated guidelines provide guidance on the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the care of people living with HIV and the use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection.

This paper assesses the extent of the financial burden due to out-of-pocket payments for health care incurred by people living with HIV (PLHIV) and the effect of this burden on their financial capacity. Data were collected in a cross-sectional survey of 353 PLHIV from three cities in Indonesia (Jakarta, Jogjakarta and Merauke). Respondents in Jakarta were sampled from one hospital and one non-governmental organization working with PLHIV.

NCASC has summarized in PowerPoint how COVID-19 pandemic affected the delivery of key services of National HIV programme, and our ongoing efforts to ensure incessant delivery of HIV prevention, testing, treatment and care services.

These guidelines provide new and updated recommendations and good practice statements in the following areas: starting ART, including initiating treatment outside the clinic and support for same-day ART start; frequency of clinical visits and ART refills; measuring adherence; tracing and re-engagement in care for all populations; psychosocial support for adolescents living with HIV; task sharing for diagnostic services; and service integration. This guideline seeks to provide support to Member States, programme managers, health workers and other stakeholders seeking to achieve national and international goals to end the HIV epidemic as a public health threat by 2030.

The WHO 2021 guideline promotes the use of optimal antiretroviral treatment (ART) regimens in all populations. Though new, more effective and better tolerated options with a higher genetic barrier to resistance are now available for adults, optimized treatment options for children lag significantly behind. This sixth edition of the Optimal Formulary and Limited-use List supports the transition to optimal WHO-recommended ART regimens for infants and children, while giving due consideration to the rapidly evolving treatment landscape and the risks inherent in the uncertain timelines for pediatric drug development.

This technical note summarizes the types of ARVs commonly used; offers a framework for understanding drug-food interactions; describes key issues and steps for managing ARV-food interactions; identifies areas where knowledge gaps exist; and lays out the specific food and nutrition implications of ARVs commonly used in resource limited settings. This information aims to support program design and service provision.

A tool has been developed to support the completion of the WHO work planning and budgeting tool and the Pharmaceutical and Health Products List of the Global Fund proposal (the "Quantities Tool"). Currently this tool is only available for the HIV disease component.