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Different HIV epidemics require different approaches. However, regardless of the epidemic stage, it is usually more efficient to target specific populations with HIV prevention and care programmes and services. This does not mean that the impact of the epidemic is restricted to these populations.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) is committed to support Member countries in developing comprehensive and sustainable national AIDS programmes. WHO plays a key role in HIV/AIDS prevention and control in the health sector through providing strategic direction, normative guidance and technical support for national AIDS programmes – through long-term staff in high-burden countries and in-country technical missions.
The National AIDS Programme Managers’ Meeting is an effective forum for sharing experiences between countries, which subsequently leads to strengthening of national AIDS programmes. This annual meeting provides an opportunity for AIDS managers and WHO to review the progress made in AIDS control over the past year, identify and discuss key constraints, formulate possible strategies for replicating successes, and draft plans for the implementation of those strategies at the national and regional level.
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The module is divided into seven units. The units are convenient blocks of material and should be studied in the order in which they are presented. In addition, there are several appendices at the end of the module. The last three appendices guide surveillance officers through the process of developing an action plan and operations manual for establishing and maintaining an HIV case-based surveillance system. Throughout the module, small group discussion questions are designed to assist in the development of the action plan and operations manual. The expected outcome from this module is an enhanced understanding of HIV case-based surveillance as well as a completed (or nearly complete) action plan and operations manual.
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The training modules on National AIDS Programme Management were developed by the WHO Global Programme on AIDS in the early 1990s to assist AIDS country programme managers at national and subnational levels in developing their capacity to manage the complex range of programmes and activities under their responsibility. Intercountry training courses using those modules were conducted by the WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia, followed by training at the national level during the 1990s. Those courses resulted in the development of the skills of many senior staff in the Region – and many of them are still playing critical roles as national programme mangers or senior policy-makers today.
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An essential part of HIV programme planning and management is to determine the programme’s priorities and the approaches it will adopt to achieve its outcomes of HIV prevention, care and treatment.
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This module covers the elements of strategic information necessary for developing a clear understanding of the exact nature of the AIDS epidemic and the response to the epidemic in a particular place: the surveillance systems that provide information on HIV prevalence and changing patterns of risk and vulnerability; the monitoring and evaluation framework that provides information about the process, outcome and impact of the interventions; and the strategic research agenda that can fill in gaps in information and provide guidance for reviewing interventions and strategies.
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The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees’ (UNHCR) ARV policy for refugees is designed to offer guidance to UNHCR and its implementing and operational partners as well as to host Governments on the provision of the different forms of available ARVs, namely short-term preventive ARVs to avoid mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to reduce the likelihood of HIV transmission in certain situations as well as long term ART. This document sets the objectives as to the availability of ARVs and ART for refugees and outlines the scope of engagement and the responsibilities of UNHCR offices in working towards the achievement of these objectives.
The document complements earlier UNHCR policy papers and guidelines related to HIV/AIDS and is consistent with international recommendations relating to ART. As with all HIV and AIDS policies and programmes,ARV interventions must be linked to prevention, care and support programmes.
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Policy plays an essential role in guiding an effective response to HIV and AIDS. Governments use policy to state their views on a particular issue and declare the approach they will take to resolve or respond to that issue. Organizations use policy to explain to their employees the modalities of executing their work as well as norms of behaviour. Community groups use policy to advocate for what the community needs.
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National AIDS programmes have become increasingly complex over the past ten years and the role of the programme manager has expanded to accommodate this complexity. The complexity of this role varies from country to country, and is somewhat easier in countries with larger AIDS programmes, in which roles are distributed across a multidisciplinary team.
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This campaign could not have come at a more opportune time in East Asia and the Pacific. While HIV
prevalence in the region remains relatively low, the virus poses a serious threat. East Asia’s massive population coupled with rapidly changing social and economic dynamics could escalate epidemics, and in turn, jeopardize the tremendous development gains that have greatly benefited millions of children in the region. The threat is of a different nature in the Pacific, where HIV could devastate sparse populations and undermine whole cultures and societies.
This 2007 report is updated from an earlier version released in October 2006. Our aim is to provide the latest information of collaborative actions between UNICEF and governments, civil society, the United Nations system and international partners in East Asia and the Pacific region. It is an account of progress, from the purview of UNICEF around the Four Ps of primary prevention, preventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT), paediatric AIDS treatment and the protection and care of children affected by AIDS.