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Resource | Guidelines,
The 2010 guidelines are developed to provide international standards, primarily for low- and middle income settings, in support of the global scale-up of more effective interventions aimed at preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) in resource-limited settings. Once implemented, these recommendations could reduce the risk of MTCT to less than 5% (or even lower) in breastfeeding populations from a background risk of 35%, and to less than 2% in non-breastfeeding populations from a background risk of 25%, and will ensure increased maternal and child survival.
The 2010 revision of the WHO guidelines on prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) complies with the recently updated WHO guidelines development process, which requires systematic review of new evidence for key questions and recommendations, as well as a consideration of programme feasibility and the cost implications of potential new recommendations. WHO has simultaneously revised guidelines for adult ART as well as HIV and infant feeding. All three sets of guidelines were updated in a harmonized fashion.
Resource | Publications,
Vietnam is a country with one of the highest prevalences of HIV in Southeast Asia. With an estimated prevalence of 293,000 people in 2007 (approximately 0.5% of the general population), the HIV epidemic is primarily concentrated in urban areas among key high-risk populations, the majority of which are injection drug users (IDU), and to a lesser extent, female sex workers (FSWs) and men who have sex with men (MSM). Efforts to confront the HIV epidemic in Vietnam face a high burden of patients with comorbid substance abuse and limited resources. International efforts to scale up antiretroviral therapy (ART) have greatly improved funding for treatment in Vietnam, allowing for approximately 14,969 people to receive ART as of 2007.
The goals of this study were to document ART efforts in a resource-limited setting with high prevalence of IDUs, to identify high-risk groups for failure who may benefit from more frequent monitoring or other interventions and to assess the potential for delayed diagnosis of treatment failure when using targeted testing based on clinical and immunologic criteria.
Resource | Presentations,
• Evidence of large growing concentrated Indian sub-epidemics
• National response had low prevention coverage of high risk groups (HRG)
• Prevention for concentrated epidemics via HRG focus well known
• Few successful examples globally
• International advocacy about "prevention gap"
Resource | Publications,
In responding to the problem of drug use, many countries have introduced severe penalties for drug use and related crime, which have resulted in large numbers of people in prisons, compulsory treatment centres, or labour camps without significant long term impact on drug use, drug dependence or drug-related crime in the community and are in contradiction with human rights. At the same time, the long term incarceration of a large number of people who use drugs is expensive. It also results in high risk for the transmission of HIV, hepatitis, and TB, both in closed settings and beyond, that represents a significant public health risk to the community.
Resource | Publications,
This report describes the achievement of program implementation on HIV/AIDS and STI prevention, care, support and treatment during the 2nd quarter of year 2010. The report is intended to aggregate data and information collected from all OI/ART, VCCT, Family Health Clinics, HBC, and PMTCT sites from the whole country to be represented as the National Comprehensive Report for the health sector response to HIV/AIDS and STI in Cambodia. The following sections reported the main three program areas implemented for this period that are including: I) Programme management and implementation; II) Results from health service deliveries; and III) Financial Report for descript the financial disbursements against the second quarterly budget plan.
Resource | Publications,
This paper assesses the extent of the financial burden due to out-of-pocket payments for health care incurred by people living with HIV (PLHIV) and the effect of this burden on their financial capacity. Data were collected in a cross-sectional survey of 353 PLHIV from three cities in Indonesia (Jakarta, Jogjakarta and Merauke). Respondents in Jakarta were sampled from one hospital and one non-governmental organization working with PLHIV.
The results of this study confirm previous findings that providing subsidized ART drugs alone does not ensure financial accessibility to HIV care. Thus, the government of Indonesia at central and local levels should consider covering HIV care additional to providing antiretroviral drugs free of charge. Social health insurance should also be encouraged.
Resource | Tools,
A tool has been developed to support the completion of the WHO work planning and budgeting tool and the Pharmaceutical and Health Products List of the Global Fund proposal (the "Quantities Tool"). Currently this tool is only available for the HIV disease component.
The primary objective of the quantities tool is to assist the user in calculating calculation of antiretroviral (ARV) drug quantities and unit costs. In addition, the quantities tool calculates the average unit cost for treatment per client for first- and second-line therapy for adults and paediatrics.
Resource | Presentations,
This is a presentation on the status of the AIDS Epidemic in Asian countries. This was presented during the International Epidemiological Association Meeting in Colombo last May 24, 2010.
Resource | Publications,
The combined efforts of countries and international partners have resulted in substantial advances in HIV treatment and prevention. Nonetheless, access to key HIV services remains low in many settings around the world, and there are still major research gaps about the best way to expand HIV testing, prevention and treatment, especially in resource-limited settings.
The Generic Tools project is part of WHO's broader efforts to facilitate operational research on HIV testing, treatment and prevention. To identify the information needed to improve HIV programmes, the HIV Department of WHO held international meetings, multi-stakeholder consultations and local workshops, and reviewed the evidence and the availability of data collection tools. These activities highlighted a number of research questions that were amenable to operational research, had relevance in diverse settings, and had the potential to improve programmes and strengthen the evidence base for policies.
Resource | Guidelines,
Considering the spread of HIV infection among women of the reproductive age, mother–to-child transmission has become a great concern in the area of HIV prevention and health services. The first mother-to-child transmission in Bhutan was reported in the year 2002. Seven cases have now been officially documented. This covers nearly 9% of the total HIV infection in Bhutan. It is inevitable that more pregnant women will be affected in the coming years.
Mother to-child transmission of HIV is the most significant source of HIV infection in children below age of 10 years. Transmission can occur during pregnancy, delivery and after delivery through breast milk. In the absence of appropriate interventions infected child are likely to survive infancy. The extent of HIV infection among pregnant women is often used as an indicator of HIV penetration into the population at large.
The Royal Government has responded by adopting the prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) as an integral part of the nation's response to the HIV/AIDS catastrophe. PMTCT will be a part of a wider response to HIV/AIDS, which includes expanding access to care and support for HIV infected mothers and their families, including treatment of opportunistic infections and accelerating access to treatment. PMTCT prevention should not stand in isolation, but it should be integrated to existing Health care infrastructures and Reproductive Health Services.