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Resource | Fact Sheets,
Nepal has been monitoring HIV and STI epidemic by collecting routine data from the following sources:
- Case Reporting of HIV and STI
- Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey
- Monitoring of HIV Drug Resistance
- Size estimation of Key Populations
- HIV Infection Estimations and Projections
- HIV Surveillance
Resource | Publications,
To successfully address HIV and hepatitis where injecting drug use occurs, countries should prioritize implementing NSPs and evidence-based drug dependence treatment (specifically OST), HIV testing and counselling and access to antiretroviral therapy.
Needle and syringe programmes (NSP) provide access to sterile injecting equipment to people who inject illicit drugs to prevent the transmission of HIV and hepatitis B and C through shared injection equipment.
Resource | Fact Sheets,
HIV data and information on people who inject drugs (PWID), men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender (TG), female sex workers (FSW) and their clients, children affected by AIDS (CABA) and prison inmates in Nepal.
Resource | Fact Sheets,
Background about ART program in Nepal:
- ART service started from February 2004 from Sukraraj Tropical and infectious Disease Hospital, Kathmandu in Nepal.
- ART is available for free of cost for People Living with HIV (PLHIV).
- As of July 2017, there are 68 ART sites and 25 ART Dispensing Centers (ADCs) throughout the country.
- ADCs are established to increase accessibility to the treatment.
- Nepal has also adopted Test and Treat approach since Feb 2017.
- National Consolidated Guideline for Treating and Preventing HIV in Nepal 2014 and revised in 2017 is the guiding document for providing HIV treatment and care in Nepal.
- CD4 count service is available from 30 sites and across the country.
- Viral load testing service is available from National Public Health Laboratory
Resource | Fact Sheets,
Background about STIs in Nepal:
- Key interventions for management of STI in Nepal are targeted Behavior Change Communication (BCC), condom promotion and distribution, diagnosis and treatment of STIs (both syndromic and etiological management) and referral services.
- STI management services are available from government health facilities and NGOs for key population.
- Nepal has been following WHO recommended approach for the management of STIs in patients with recognized signs and symptoms.
- The first National STI Case Management Guidelines was developed in 1995 and revised in 2014.
- Repeated Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Surveys are the main source of information for STI prevalence among key population in Nepal.
Resource | Fact Sheets,
Background about HIV Testing and Counseling (HTC) in Nepal:
- HIV Testing and Counseling service was first started in Nepal in 1995.
- HIV Testing and Counseling is the entry point for overall HIV care services. It is provided free of cost to the key populations at higher risk and general population all over the country.
- Nepal’s HIV testing and counseling services have been guided by the National Guidelines for Testing.
- Community based testing approach has also been initiated in key population and as suggested by National HIV Testing and Treatment guidelines, 2017 Nepal is also moving forward to implement community led testing to approach in order to maximize HIV testing.
- There are over 175 service sites providing HIV testing and counseling, including 136 government sites as of July 2016.
Resource | Guidelines,
Despite the high global burden of disease due to chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and the advances and opportunities for treatment, most people infected with HBV and/or HCV remain unaware of their infection and therefore frequently present with advanced disease and may transmit infection to others. There are several key reasons for this low rate of hepatitis testing. These include the limited facilities or services for hepatitis testing, lack of effective testing policies or national guidelines, complex diagnostic algorithms, and poor laboratory capacity and quality assurance systems.
These are the first WHO guidelines on testing for chronic HBV and HCV infection and complement published guidance by WHO on the prevention, care and treatment of chronic HCV and HBV infection. These guidelines outline the public health approach to strengthening and expanding current testing practices for HBV and HCV infection, and are intended for use across age groups and populations. The primary audience for these guidelines are national programme managers in ministries of health and health-care providers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) responsible for planning and implementing hepatitis testing, prevention, care and treatment services.
Resource | Fact Sheets,
HIV Estimates in Nepal, 2016:
Estimated number of people living with HIV: 32,735
- Male: 20,232
- Female: 12,503
- Children (0-14 years): 1,197
- Adults (15-49 years): 24,663
- Adults (50+ years): 6,875
Resource | Fact Sheets,
Nepal has been conducting HIV and STI surveillance particularly among key populations, namely: PWID, FSW and their clients, MSM/TG, and male labor migrants for more than a decade mainly to track changes in HIV and STI prevalence along with behavioral components such as condom use. Hepatitis-B and C screening among PWID has been started in the IBBS surveys from 2015. In 2016, baseline IBBS surveys were conducted in Street Involved Children and Youths in Kathmandu Valley, Female injecting drug users in Kathmandu Valley and MSM and TG in Terai districts.
Size estimation of key population in districts was started in 2010. The population size is to be updated in every 2-3 years interval. The second round of size estimation of key population is being carried out in 2016.