Tools/Guides
 | This course is meant primarily for district-level surveillance officers. As a participant, you should have a basic medical understanding of HIV/AIDS and public health surveillance before taking the course. Download this publication |
| The two overriding goals of national AIDS programmes are to reduce the transmission of HIV and to care for and mitigate the impact of HIV on those already infected. Achieving these goals requires an understanding of the extent of prevalence of HIV infection and also where it is spreading. Download this publication |
| Policy plays an essential role in guiding an effective response to HIV and AIDS. Governments use policy to state their views on a particular issue and declare the approach they will take to resolve or respond to that issue. Organizations use policy to explain to their employees the modalities of executing their work as well as norms of behaviour. Community groups use policy to advocate for what the community needs. Download this publication |
| An essential part of HIV programme planning and management is to determine the programme’s priorities and the approaches it will adopt to achieve its outcomes of HIV prevention, care and treatment. Download this publication |
| Different HIV epidemics require different approaches. However, regardless of the epidemic stage, it is usually more efficient to target specific populations with HIV prevention and care programmes and services. This does not mean that the impact of the epidemic is restricted to these populations. Download this publication |
| In Modules 3 and 4, we worked on setting priorities for interventions with populations most affected by HIV. In this module, we will build on that work and set some initial targets for programmes. Download this publication |
| Sexual transmission of HIV is a key driving force behind many of the HIV epidemics in Asia. This is fuelled by high levels of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the affected populations. Even in epidemics primarily driven by injecting drug use, sexual transmission is a factor in the spread of HIV from the drug user population to other populations. Reducing sexual transmission of HIV and other STIs is not a simple matter of increasing the knowledge and awareness of individuals at risk. There are complex issues of power, poverty, economics and marginalization that need to be dealt with if safer sexual behaviours are to be adopted and sustained. Download this publication |
| Injecting drug use accounts for a significant proportion of new HIV infections in Asia. In Indonesia, and in some regions of India and Thailand, 25–50% of injecting drug users (IDUs) are reported to be HIV-positive. There is ample evidence from the Region that HIV epidemics among IDUs can be “explosive”, with escalation of HIV infection from low to high levels occurring over a very short time. For example, in Myanmar, Yunnan in China, and Manipur in North-East India, a rapid escalation in HIV prevalence from very low levels to above 50% among IDUs occurred in one year or less. Download this publication |
| Since the development of the HIV antibody test in 1985, HIV testing has been an essential part of the response to HIV. It has been used to diagnose individuals, to track the progress of the epidemic and to secure blood supplies. The combination of HIV counselling and testing has been used as an intervention to enable individuals to know their HIV status and to channel them into care, support and treatment services. It has also provided people with an opportunity to assess their risk, to gain information about HIV transmission and to determine ways to avoid HIV transmission in the future. Download this publication |
