HIV Treatment
HIV Treatment
 | These guidelines are based on the discussions held with health-care workers, researchers and programme managers from South-East Asia during a regional consultation organized by the World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia (WHO SEARO) and the United Nations Children's Fund Regional Office for South Asia (UNICEF ROSA) in New Delhi during 2006. This consultation meeting reviewed the new data, experiences of scaling-up of pediatric ART in the Region and made recommendations for adaptation to the needs in the Region of the global WHO guidelines on Antiretroviral therapy of HIV infection in infants and children in resource-limited settings: towards universal access. To facilitate use at the country level the consultation recommended simplification of the global guidelines. Download this publication |
| The majority of HIV infected children acquire the virus from their HIV infected mothers around the time of delivery or during breastfeeding. The most efficient and cost effective way to tackle paediatric HIV globally is, therefore, to reduce mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). However, every day there are nearly 1500 new infections in children under 15 years of age, more than 90% occurring in the developing world [1, 2]. HIV-infected infants frequently present with clinical symptoms in the first year of life, by one year of age an estimated one-third of infected infants will have died, and about half by 2 years of age [2, 3]. Early recognition of HIV exposure and diagnosis of HIV is crucial and can save lives by enabling early initiation of appropriate care including ART. Download this publication |
| Recently, Indonesia has adopted an ambitious target of providing antiretroviral treatment (ART) to at least 10 000 people by the end of 2005. As of January 2004, of an estimated 15 000 people who were in need of ART, only 1300 persons were receiving the treatment. The intermediate target for 2005 is in line with the global WHO and UNAIDS "3 by 5" initiative. The initiative aims to provide three million people in developing countries (out of six million in need globally) access to ART by the end of 2005. The ultimate goal of the initiative is to provide universal access. Download this publication |
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Access to treatment / HIV/AIDS related drugs
| China has a low overall HIV prevalence but high prevalence in certain population groups and at some sites. WHO/UNAIDS estimated that 840 000 people in 0–49 years old were living with HIV/AIDS at the end of 2004, and the estimated HIV prevalence was 0.07% (with a low estimate of 0.05% and a high estimate of 0.08%). There are geographical differences in prevalence levels within subpopulations. Since 2001, reported HIV/AIDS cases have increased at a 30% annual rate, most likely as a result of increased surveillance. HIV is reported from 31 of China’s 34 provinces and other administrative units on mainland China. Download this publication |
| With national estimated prevalence of between 0.6% and 2.2%, Myanmar is experiencing a generalized epidemic, considered one of the most serious in Asia. The Ministry of Health estimates that 338 911 adults aged 15–49 years old were living with HIV/AIDS in September 2004, of which 96 834 (28.6%) were women, indicating a total adult prevalence rate of 1.3%. HIV infection rates vary across the country, with several regions showing considerable increases in prevalence rates among less vulnerable populations. According to the Ministry of Health, in 2003, 12 of 29 sentinel sites for pregnant women showed a prevalence of HIV infection exceeding 2%. At Pyay and Hpa-an, prevalence rates among pregnant women were as high as 5% and 7.5% respectively. Download this publication |
| India’s population surpassed 1 billion in 2001; 67% live in rural areas and 33% in urban areas. India is estimated to have the second largest population of people living with HIV/AIDS, next to South Africa. An estimated 5.13 million individuals currently live with HIV across all states in India. In areas that are more severely affected, the epidemic has started to challenge recent development achievements and to raise fundamental issues of human rights concerning people living with HIV/AIDS. Download this publication |
| The epidemic in Indonesia is concentrated, with low infection rates in the general population and high rates among certain populations, mainly injecting drug users and sex workers in some regions. Transmission among injecting drug users has increased eight-fold since 1998, and rates are as high as 70% among injecting drug users in Jakarta in 2005 (according to Kios Atmajaya, a nongovernmental organization) and 53% in Denpasar (Bali) and 26% among sex workers in one brothel in Papua. Download this publication |
| The first case of HIV infection in Papua New Guinea was detected in 1987. By June 2005, 12 341 people had been reported to be living with HIV/AIDS. The country is facing a generalized epidemic with rapidly increasing prevalence in a difficult socioeconomic context. A national epidemiological consensus meeting in November 2004 estimated an average prevalence rate of 1.7%, and between 25 000 and 69 000 people with 15-49 years were living with HIV/AIDS. Prevalence rates among women attending antenatal care services are estimated to vary between 1% and 4%. Available data suggests that the epidemic is predominantly transmitted through heterosexual contact (84%), fuelled by high-risk behaviour including widespread commercial and casual sex. Approximately 93.1% of current reported cases are adults. Download this publication |
| In the second half of 2004, the number of people on antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in developing and transitional countries increased dramatically from 440 000 to an estimated 700 000. This figure represents about 12% of the approximately 5.8 million people currently needing treatment in developing and transitional countries and includes people receiving ARV therapy supported by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, the United States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, the World Bank and other partners. Download this publication |
