Myanmar: Reference Materials
 | A survey was undertaken during September–November 2003 to assess the knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of the general population and the youth with regards to HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention at seven sites in Myanmar. A total of 9678 individuals (4631 males and 5047 females) were interviewed. Of these, 35% were youth aged 15–24 years. Download this publication |
| Background: The severity of HIV/AIDS pandemic linked to injecting drug use is one of the most worrying medical and social problems throughout the world in recent years. Myanmar has one of the highest prevalence rates of HIV among the IDUs in the region. Aim: The objective of the study was to determine the risk behaviours among HIV positive injecting drug users in Myanmar. Download this publication |
 | The HIV epidemic in Myanmar is concentrated, with HIV transmission primarily occurring in high risk sexual contacts between sex workers and their clients, men who have sex with men and the sexual partners of these sub-populations. In addition, there is a high level of HIV transmission among injecting drug users through use of contaminated injecting equipment, with transmission to sexual partners. Latest modelling estimated the HIV prevalence in the adult population (aged 15-49) at 0.61% in 2009. For key populations most-at-risk, surveillance data from 2008 showed HIV prevalence in the sentinel groups at 18.1% in female sex workers, 28.8% in men who have sex with men, and 36.3% in male injecting drug users. Download this publication |
 | Sex work in Myanmar is illegal. It is a major social issue in the country that particularly affects women and children. Myanmar is a major supplier of sex workers in nearby countries like Thailand, China, Bangladesh, Taiwan, India, Malaysia, Korea, Macau, and Japan. A majority of the female sex workers (FSWs) are trafficked from Ranong, a location that borders Myanmar at its south, and Mae Sai, which is situated at the eastern tip of the country. Download this publication |
| MSM Country Snapshots – Country Specific Information on hiv, men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender people (TG) AUGUST 2010 VERSION 2 Download this publication |
 | Scaling up HIV prevention, treatment and care services fast enough and at a sufficient scale to reach a much larger proportion of people who inject drugs, including in prisons Download this publication |
 | Domestic conditions, coupled with a geographic location which links the expanding economies of South East Asia, China and South Asia, characterizes Myanmar as a country with dynamic internal and international mobility. Ethnic conflicts are one of the major sources of population displacement in and outside the country. Millions of people have been displaced, relocated and resettled from their birthplace. Thousands of others have fled the country to refugee camps in neighbouring Thailand, Bangladesh or elsewhere. Population mobility along the Myanmar‐Thailand border has been very fluid. So too along the borders with India and China. Many of these areas are also home to hill tribe populations who live along both sides of the border. Download this publication |
Estimation and Projection of HIV and AIDS in Myanmar. National AIDS Programme Myanmar and WHO (2009)
| Since 1997, country specific estimates of the burden of HIV infection in Myanmar have been published with the support of UNAIDS and WHO on a regular basis. The estimates are derived from the results of annual round of sentinel surveillance in line with WHO and UNAIDS Second Generation Surveillance (SGS) strategy. The methods and assumptions used for HIV estimates have been improved based on increased knowledge of the HIV epidemic and its dynamics in different populations. Download this publication |
| The National AIDS Programme carries out yearly HIV sentinel serosurveillance survey (HSS) of selected subpopulation groups in Myanmar since 1992. The sentinel groups included are pregnant women attending the antenatal clinics (ANC), new military recruits, blood donors as low risk population, injecting drug users (IDUs), men who have sex with men (MSM) and female sex workers (FSW) as high risk populations. Surveillance is also conducted among new tuberculosis (TB) patients. HIV sentinel sero-surveillance survey (HSS) is the systematic and regular collection of information on the occurrence, distribution and trends in HIV infection and factors associated with infection for use for public health action. In concentrated epidemics, surveillance is conducted among selected groups who may be at highest risk and are most critical to be targeted for interventions. Download this publication |
