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India: Reference Materials
Traditional Birth Attendants Lack Basic Information on HIV and Safe Delivery Practices in Rural Mysore, India. Madhivanan, P., Kumar, B. N., Adamson, P, et al (2010)

There is little research on HIV awareness and practices of traditional birth attendants (TBA) in India. This study investigated knowledge and attitudes among rural TBA in Karnataka as part of a project examining how traditional birth attendants could be integrated into prevention-of-mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programs in India.

Source: Madhivanan P, Kumar B, Adamson P, & Krupp K. (2010). Traditional Birth Attendants Lack Basic Information on HIV and Safe Delivery Practices in Rural Mysore, India. BMC Public Health.



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The Effects of Scale on the Costs of Targeted HIV Prevention Interventions among Sex Workers, Men who Have Sex with Men and Transgenders in India. S Chandrashekar, L Guinness, L Kumaranayake, et al (2010)The India AIDS Initiative (Avahan) project is involved in rapid scale-up of HIV-prevention interventions in high-risk populations. This study examines the cost
variation of 107 non-governmental organisations (NGOs) implementing targeted interventions, over the start up (defined as period from project inception until services to the key population commenced) and first 2 years of intervention.

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Modelling the impact and cost-effectiveness of the HIV intervention programme amongst commercial sex workers in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Fung IC, Guinness L, Vickerman P, et al (2007) Ahmedabad is an industrial city in Gujarat, India. In 2003, the HIV prevalence among commercial sex workers (CSWs) in Ahmedabad reached 13.0%. In response, the Jyoti Sangh HIV prevention programme for CSWs was initiated, which involves outreach, peer education, condom distribution, and free STD clinics. Two surveys were performed among CSWs in 1999 and 2003. This study estimates the cost-effectiveness of the Jyoti Sangh HIV prevention programme.

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Annual Report 2009-10. National AIDS Control Organisation India (2010)Available evidence on HIV epidemic in India shows a stable trend at national level. Provisional estimates place the number of people living with HIV in India in 2008 at 22.7 lakhs with an estimated adult HIV prevalence of 0.29 percent. The epidemic is concentrated among high risk group populations and is heterogenous in its spread. The primary driv er s of HIV epidemic in India are unprotected paid sex, unprotected sex between men and injecting drug use. Heterosexual route of transmission accounts for 87 percent of HIV cases detected.

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UNGASS Country Progress Report: India.National AIDS Control Organization India (2010)India’s response to the changing nature of the epidemic is reflected in the policy framework and approaches of the National AIDS Control Programme. The third National AIDS Control Programme Strategy and Implementation Plan (2007-2012) is based on and builds upon the lessons learnt and achievements made in Phase I and II. The CPR India 2010 presents an overview of the epidemic, the strategic national response and its impact, and the challenges that lie ahead. India is a large diverse country and the epidemic is concentrated in six states among high risk populations. Complex social issues and entrenched social positions pose significant challenges for the policy makers, donors and the civil society engaged contributing to the national response.

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HIV Mortality and Infection in India: Estimates from Nationally Representative Mortality Survey of 1.1 Million Homes. Jha P, Kumar R, Khera A, et al (2010)In India, and most other countries, heterosexual transmission accounts for most HIV infections. Transmission from female sex workers to male clients, and then to these clients’ regular partners, is the most common chain of infection.

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Data Use in the Indian Health Sector. The World Bank, USAID and MEASURE Evaluation (2010)Recently, there has been increased attention to data use in the international public health community with several groups, including the MEASURE Evaluation Project [www.cpc.unc.edu/measure], the Health Metrics Network (HMN) at the World Health Organization, and the World Bank’s Global AIDS M&E Team (GAMET), contributing to this area. Major investments have been and continue to be made in data collection for public health programs but there is concern that such data are not being used to their full potential.

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